Historical personage: Imprison the holy god

Historical personage: Imprison the holy god [Report on big November 12 of era ] imprison the holy god and is abbreviated as Kuan Ti, commonly called as Gong Guan, namely China folk and Taoism of present with respect Guan Yu Sichuan Province. Guan Yu, word Yun Chang, solves in the east of the river (the southwest of Linyi of Shanxi of today) People, guard Jing Zhou for soldier, interconnected system of Shu State, frustrate Mai city extremely, Shi strong Hou Miao. It is said Guan Yu dies in the first different place of back, the head buries Luoyang, body bury as open jade spring mountain, sense their Germany justice, people of Jing Zhou, set up jade spring shrine offer sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead their.
It is called that " small stream friend discusses the cloud ": "Former general Guan Yu in Sichuan Province keeps Jing Zhou, there are jade spring shrines in Jing Zhou, calling three my darling's spirit in the shrine, three my darling imprisons three my darling too promptly. " Song there is mere grandson constitution " dream speech not trivial not north " ten year such as Vol.: " Xian Tang coherent after tearing asunder by war, workshop lane rumour imprison three soldier, spirit of my darling, enter city, it is horrified for every family to intimidate. " Is it look at devil,etc. its still to prove. Song steps " propping up the will bigly safely firmly " for nine years of Vol. first: "Tong state imprison Yun Chang temple, manage northwest corner in state, very sincerely native thing. The idol has several dozen bodies, first the urgent foot of yellow clothing, piece angry but many whisker, hold signal flag, hold form can fear ". Is it already offer sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead for the god by the temple to indicate. Guan Yu high to offer sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead ruler, start on [Northern Song Dynasty ] latter stage. Gold army constant the south at that time enter, [Northern Song Dynasty ], the rivers and mountains in imminent danger. Hui Zong Song thinks all right Guan Yu's " loyal and brave personal loyalty ", encourages morale and popular feelings, it is in high peaceful the first year of an era ( 1102)Until declaring and five years ( 1123)20 over years among,chase three times copies of Guan Yu favor common, Wuan the king, justice Wuan king not brave not loyal. [The Southern Song Dynasty ], build 3 years such as inflammation ( 1129)Add the brave king of strong Miao's justice of one again, call the brave Wuan king of strong Miao's justice. Pure bright 14 years ( 1187),Add a Great Britain and help a king, claim brave Great Britain of Wuan of strong Miao's justice helps a king. An imperial decree of filial piety is called: "Grow and set up the political integrity, in order to spread with world; Been the gods, but immortal today from days of old. " It is at Song Wang towards praise under being the high,become to be can by human world model calling moral not loyal and righteous already Guan Yu, pray for rain and pray for the fine god saving the creature disaster.
[Yuan are bright ] the ruler continue worshipping Guan Yu. Yuans of Wencong it go through the first year of an era ( 1328),Add copies of Guan Yu brave Wuan make its presence or power felt Great Britain help king, is it make his temple of the shrine to send for strong justice Miao. The 27th year of the Hongwu reign in Ming dynasty ( 1394),Bright red yuans of jade tablet imperial decree is it imprison common temple chirp mountain is every years old four Meng is it hold a memorial ceremony for in conformity with the officer of self-sufficient and strategically located region to send the close of the years on Nanjing chicken to build, on May 13 birthday, the temple officer holds a memorial ceremony for frequently very much sending Nanjing again. Tomorrow will become grandfathers the first year of an era of Yongle ( 1403)Build and close the common temple in Beijing. The 18th year of perpetual calendar ( 1590),Shenzong's imperial decree confers association it on Guan Yu and protects the big loyal and righteous emperor in the country, but an emperor the Jin Dynasty by the king.
The 42nd year of perpetual calendar, imperial decree is it bend over for three circle evil spirit old emperor supernatural Weiyuan shake heaven imprison the holy god to seal, and determine Guan Yu as the main spirit of the military temple, Confucius' Confucian temple stands side by side as civil and military two holily with offering sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead high.
[Qing Dynasty ], between ruler and to is it is it have already again to have to worship Guan Yu. Been already holding Beijing before entering the GATT ( Shenyang of Liaoning of today) Building Guandi Temple, the emperor Taiji grants volume " justice is high and eternal ". After entering the GATT, clear generation the grandfather, to 9 years of Shuizhi ( 1652) Imperial decree it leaves loyal and righteous god on Guan Yu to be military to imprison heavy the Supreme Being holy in Beijing. The third year of Yongzheng ( 1725),Chase copies of duke, three generations of grandfather, father of Guan Yu, award Luoyang, solve state imprison Dr., the Five Classics of descendant. The 33rd year of Qianlong ( 1768),Add one and help and imprison the big holy emperor for loyal and righteous god military fairy. Until the fifth year of Guangxu ( 1879),Already with sealing:
Loyal and righteous god military fairy help benevolence is it is it protect country assuare the people absolute sincerity pacify Yi is it declare Germany imprison the holy god to praise to help to show bravely
Seal number and reach 26 words. In Guan Yu worship a golden one two generation, is it imprison holy story that god made its presence or power felt to widely spread even more. Mostly help officer's army to wipe out dissidents or peasants uprising in order to help. If Guan Yu makes its presence or power felt and assists in fighting, make bright red yuans of jade tablet win completely You Chen I expect straight Germany in Poyang Lake ( 1506- 1521) When suppress because there aren't six Liu, Liu seven, open it ( 1621- 1627) Among great Confucianism uprising when suppressing Xu; Clear army suppress Gansu 43 Su rise in revolt, western Hunan shoot the people rise in revolt, clear white lotus of Sichuan and Shanxi is taught and risen in revolt etc., there are stories of gods and spirits that Guan Yu made its presence or power felt.
Old times, imprison holy god consider as infinitely resourceful gods and extensive to offer sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead while being high a of different levels one. The broad masses dedicated to lie between with good faith their, present with respect for get rid of evils except that evil, is it protect heavy god of the people to support; The scholar is loyal and righteous and honest with it, it was morals idol that was presented with respect; The spirit with their of offices and men is military and skillful in battle, it was the army spirit of gaining mastery over the enemy that was presented with respect; Whom the merchant presented with respect again is god of fortune letting riches and treasures come into the house. Kuan Ti can make so extensive faith, besides praising sealing high of past dynasties emperor, [Ming Dynasty ], " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " is it play a very great role to travel extensively.
Whether what it is clear just Germany " visiting to discuss occasionally " cloud of Volume 4. "Sing a bass drum of books in the tea house in Beijing, speak more <<(the Three Kingdoms) Historical romance >>,The pawn buys to sell the nobody does not know in the Three Kingdoms. North people are easy to go to the opera, the very military play particularly, play militarily and perform more three countries too, very the magic power of " historical romance " is big too. But being talent getting many, the Three Kingdoms is it imprison strong Miao to pay attention to alone, or is called Guan Gong, or call and imprison the master, south people are also called and called Kuan Ti, the north person who worships people, regard south people as it very, and outside Shanhaiguan is very particularly. " Last god not holy Taoism,ones that invite as book of at [Northern Song Dynasty ] the end [the Southern Song Dynasty ] for the first time "have my darling general not clever not holy not heavy protect not having the wonderful country very much by "make a pretext there aren't Kuan Ti, claim " justice brave Wuan Wang Hanshou pavilion Hou imprison generalissimo ", receive imperial decree life, emperor of jade, for " three circle person in over-all charge thunder fire acute communicable diseases department the nether world Feng resist the history ", declare letters are all, take " peaceful is the official loyal to his sovereign ", " peaceful is the filial son ", "no matter key link often ethics, no matter of daily expenses and slight, act as province to be body getting widowed all, can't speak sarcastically egoistically. Read from, scene star Qingyun; Read from the evil, strict air goblin's atmosphere ". Bright ten thousand become book after going through" three circle bend over evil spirit imprison holy god loyalty and filial loyal and righteous really " call Guan Yu 3 circles bend over the evil spirit heavy the Supreme Being, improve religious authority its, call its " palm Confucianism clear up right of Taoism, in charge of handle, world of talent. Superior 36 TianXing time cloud Chinese, have under its command 72 place soil build deep and remote Feng. Grasp note catch charitable and pious deeds lengthen the life red book, is it die fault take life nationality, investigate all all of Buddha's god definitely to hold, supervise groups of celestial being one group of duties. " Become under the overall leadership three circle ten directions, Buddha heavy god, celestial being of spirit nearly.
[Ming and Qing Dynasties ], Guandi Temple offer sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead several all over the world, south up to mountain range form, cold in North pole ,Although corner cape on the mountain, and even overseas, all have Guandi Temple. Most Guandi Temple, all by Taoist priest's abbot, its grandfather's temple solves state Guandi Temple as the samely. Regard the 13th of May as Kuan Ti's birthday vulgarly, all hold ceremonies to worship heaven in regional Guandi Temple. The Wu 's ( Market of Suzhou of today) Before the area is here " on 13 days, has already cut the domestic animal and performed the drama, ten thousand lights, pray for and link sincerely. Quotations, and the family, in order to sacrifice, the rubadub is sounded, the street lane is smelt. September 13 according to legend, in order to become god time, its appearance is made just like May 13. Vulgar to so as rain for less than one day, for imprison Wang mill knife rain, mouth safe owner have. "
Guan Yu (? -219 years) ,Born in in the period of the emperor Huan, word Yun Chang, long life of the original form of a character the Eastern Han Dynasty nearly, solve county people in the east of the river ( Transport the city in Shanxi today) . Liu Bei's important high-ranking military officer in last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, is praised highly folkly after death, praise one by the past dynasties imperial court, is regarded as imprisonning the holy god, is abbreviated monarch, Kuan Ti as Kuan Ti. One of the spirit in order to defend the doctrine that Buddhism circle generally presents it with respect, is called blue Bodhisattva of the gal. Generally think among the people Guan Yu, Liu Bei, Zhang Fei form the justice brother, Guan Yu rank the second place is vulgar to is it imprison master, imprison two grandfather, imprison second elder brother,etc. to called.
[The editor ] Follow Liu Bei Guan Yu made the thing and fled from from hometown to deep and remote state Zhuo prefecture in early years. China is flat in the first year of an era ( 184 years) ,Liu Bei get up one army of volunteers is it put out yellow piece of cloth war of army to participate in in organization, county of Zhuo, Guan Yu is with Zhang Fei among them, serve as Liu Bei's personal bodyguard. Liu Bei went to schoolmate in the past GongSun Zan for shelter after tossing about in bed and taking on a lot of government posts, it seals to be plain country looks, Guan Yu, let department department horse by Fei Zhang, divide into song, department of interconnected system. Three human feeling and brother, often sleep with the bed together, when Liu Bei sits down, imprison, a two persons spare no pains to defend with oneself even more.
The last Liu Bei gets Xuzhou, is building the first year of Ann (196) Attack skill Yuan, Lv Bu from both sides, Guan Yu follow Liu Bei go to Cao Cao for shelter. One year, Liu Bei whether Pi besiege Lv Bu with Cao Cao together, Guan Yu is it marry wife of YiLu Qin to demand to Cao Cao, Cao Cao promises. When will break the city, say to Cao Cao Cao Cao for several times ], is it think her to be really very beautiful to want. Go to have a look at her first after breaking in the city, see her have beauty, stays by oneself, Guan Yu is not very comfortable in the heart. Later on it is a feudal provincial in Xuzhou that Cao Cao takes the post as the car helmet, Guan Yu and Liu Bei withdraw troops from the front with Cao Cao. And then skill Yuan is it go to Yuan Shao for shelter to go up north, Liu Bei present with respect Cao Cao life intercept skill Yuan in Xuzhou, Liu Bei seizes the chance to attack and kill the car helmet, orders Guan Yu to guard and put Pi, lead Xuzhou, Liu Bei's carriage return is little and abundant.
[The editor ] Lower Cao Build for five years of Ann ( 200 years) ,Liu Bei is defeated by Cao Cao, Guan Yu is caught, Cao Cao waits to be appointed as and leant towards the general with the generous gift in order to keep Guan Yu in order to use ownly. Back Yuan Shao send senior general face good rate Joan Chunyu, picture Guo,etc. attack white horse, Cao Cao leads the army to rescue in person, and the life one is distant and Guan Yu is the forward. Guan Yu see face good standard of a commander cover, spur the horse charge, assassinate face to be good among ten thousand army, cut its, nobody can block high-ranking military officer of the Yuan 's, the endangering and is solved of white horse, it is even Hou in Hanshou that Guan Yu is sealed.
At the beginning, Cao Cao, in order to know whether Guan Yu had compliment that stays for a long time, relatively it is tried with human feeling that one is distant. One is distant to ask Guan Yu, Guan Yu sighs: ' I know Cao common to treat I great kindness, but I receive thick kindness, Liu Bei of general, swear altogether extremely very much, can't betray. I will not leave after all, I want Cao to make the contribution to leave away publically. ' it shows to Cao Cao that one is distant. Guan Yu assassinates the face well now, Cao Cao knows he will leave away, adds and awards again instead, want to keep him here, but Guan Yu seals Cao Cao's reward to the limit, leaves the book and takes leave, come back to Liu Bei's side. Cao Cao wants to chase and kill it from side to side, but Cao Cao thinks and each prevents for its master. Folk culture call this section of stories ' thousand li move single rider '.
[The editor ] Guard Jing Zhou Liu Bei go and seek refuge with form Liu, station troops in Xinye. Build for 13 years of Ann ( 208 years) ,Cao Cao goes down south, Liu Bei the south escape, send Guan Yu multiplier one hundred ship drive towards Jiangling join, but Liu Bei is it go to to chase Cao Cao army in way separately, fortunately Guan Yu drives to Chinese Tianjin, to the mouth. Liu Bei unite right Sun defeat after the Cao Cao, Cao Cao leave benevolence Cao,etc. defend Jing Zhou, then Liu Bei fine jade attack benevolence Cao from both sides week with Sun Quan senior general, broken Cao benevolence way of escape, Guan Yu of life. Wait for Liu Bei obtain Nan Jing, Guan Yu seal into founder, for Xiangyang procurator, swing general Kou, this Xiangyang is Cao Cao's sphere of influence in fact during that time, so stay in the north of the Changjiang River. After Liu Bei calms down in Sichuan, authorize Guan Yu and administer the part which Liu Bei controls in Jingzhou Prefecture, including four states and Jiangling of seat of local government of Jing Zhou borrowed from Wu and nearby public security men in Jing Zhou south.
Build for 20 years of Ann ( 215 years) ,Sun Quan is defeated the northern war, turn to Liu Bei and ask for Jing Zhou and other places, Liu Bei refuses. Quan Sun satisfy life Lu cover with and attack the south of Jing Zhou, Lu Su pins down Guan Yu in Yiyang, Liu Bei takes soldier back to and aids from Yi Zhou. Zhang Lu in Cao Cao aggressive Hanzhong at this moment, Liu Bei repairs with Sun Quan rapidly and, the agreement divides Jing Zhou equally, but the relations of both sides have already hastenned and worsenned. Right Sun side hostile to Liu Bei, Guan Yu the monarch and his subjects.
[The editor ] Known in China by force In 219, Liu Bei called the Hanzhong king, it is former general to seal Guan Yu, false festival Yue. Guan Yu attacks Fan Cheng of north of Jing Zhou in the same year, Cao Cao sends the senior general Yu Jin to rescue, when boom river Han making heavy rain,it flood big flood seven army not that Yu Jin lead, Guan Yu takes advantage of a big ship to attack, Yu Jin compels because of being poor, then surrender to Guan Yu, it is in Pound it is Guan Yu,because of not surrendering to Guan Yu it murder Guan Yu, Guan Yu still besieges senior generals of army Cao Ren and Yu FanCheng Cao further, and send the army to surround Xiangyang separately. Cao Cao managed under the prefecture a lot of justice armies had already received Guan Yu's remote control at that time, a lot of rebellion wants to guide Guan Yu in order to aid even more, Guan Yu is known in China by force.
[The editor ] Frustrate and fail Build for 24 years of Ann ( 219 years) In October, Cao Cao wants to take pride in moving the capital to another place to avoid Guan Yu's talent, Si Mayi, Ji Jiang,etc. dissuade from, think right Sun must be unwilling to see Guan Yu is left to grow strong and insubordinate, can be joint Sun's right pins down Guan Yu. Sun Quan really attacks Guan Yu rear because of covetting Jing Zhou. Cao Cao worry is it shake slowly to mobilize, piece getting distant, and feudal provincial, state of eremonial dress for royalty, Pei sneak, tribute Lu,etc. rate, feudal provincial of Yuzhou, army rescue city Fan still, prepare and go on a punitive expedition to Guan Yu in person. And Sun Quan mobilizes all the main forces, orders Lu to indebted to stalking Jing Zhou for the chief commander, lead army to Jing Zhou think reinforcement, Jing Zhou serious Zhenjiang imperial tomb watch over elk sweet-smelling, public security men is it lower because have grudge with Guan Yu without fighting Fu ShiRen to watch over in person, Sun Quan subordinate Lu cover with, Lu Xun,etc. then capture all parts of Jing Zhou one after another.
Guan Yu grows and changes because of the rear, shakes and fights again and slowly and is defeated, then the one that removed to Fan Cheng surrounded the south and dismissing from, but the navy still controls the river Han. There are in Jing Zhou more military relatives of Guan Yu, learn that falls in Jing Zhou, the soldier has been defeated and dispersed gradually, retreat to Mai city. December, Guan Yu rate several dozen ride one No. break out of the encirclement to face from benefit state but one 10 dejected(today Hubei Xiangfan city Nanzhang county) ,Meet horses to hide loyally, arrest, on face dejected to cut. Quan Sun deliver Guan Yu's head to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao bury with gift of duke under an emperor Guan Yu's skeleton of a corpse. The scene shines for three years ( 260 years) September, master deep meditation Liu chase Shi Guan Yu for ' strong Hou Miao ' behind the the kingdom of Shu Han.
[The editor ] Characteristic Japanese painter song Sichuan country sweet-smelling to blow in accordance with Guan Yu Romance of the Three Kingdoms paint bone treat malicious picture Guan Yu must have whisker American the 19th century, the enemies, loyal and righteous and possessing both of ten thousand people; It is read that easy left spring and autumn, can read aloud and flow. While surrendering in the Cao 's, although suffer all kinds of courteous reception, the heart is to Liu Bei. Treat soldiers kindly. Have shaved the bone to treat maliciously even more, thing reason has been shot the left arm wounded by poisonous arrow once, it is overcast and rainy to get each time, bone pain, one doctor is it is it blow bone go malicious to just can recover, Guan Yu stretch arm give to a doctor promptly to want to say, is it blow bone to begin, blood flow get record, but Guan Yu one side eat meat drink, look perfectly calm.
He and obstinate, right Sun at that time want to marry Guan Yu's daughter for one's own son, Guan Yu does not not only agree, but also unexpectedly abuse the making of Sun Quan. The relation with colleague is not very good. When the horse exceeds and submits oneself to, Guan Yu writes to Zhu Ge-liang and asks: ' can the ability which the horse exceeds compare with everybody? ',it is and the yellow loyal for officer general after being visit, he says angrily: ' the true man does not arrange with the old soldier together after all! ',last Zhu Ge-liang good fortune and not take poem explain, Guan Yu accepts. The gruel is sweet-smelling, person's benevolence, Pan Ju do not get along well with Guan Yu, when Guan Yu goes on an expedition in the Fan 's, order gruel to be sweet-smelling, person benevolence prepare the army provisions, Guan Yu hates two people preparing insufficiently, say that punishes them while waiting to go back to the army, make two people uneasy and surrendering in Wu.
[The editor ] Family
[The editor ] Children Guan Ping, Guan Yu's son, follows Guan Yu and goes on an expedition, it is dejected facing to be cut with Guan Yu together. Have and say that Guan Yu's eldest son in fact, but the writing is a foster son in the historical romance. Guan Xing, son of Guan Yu, little to for reputation, firmly get Zhu Ge-liang think highly of, it is in not serving as not waiting upon in after young man of around twenty, in supervise by army,die several year later. Closed, Guan Yu's daughter, the name was not recorded, called and shut in the phoenix among the people, Sun Quan once proposed for the son, is refused by Guan Yu, abuse making. Close and ask for, it is said that Guan Yu's son, but national history has not been recorded. Its is smelt lostly allegedly in the south (today Yunnan) Area legend.
[The editor ] Grandson Guan Yue, imprison flat son, Guan Yu, imprison flat to is it kill to defeat on Mai city, imprison flat wife Zhao take eight son Guan Yue of years old, take refuge in house, villager of Ann, it is the door to change. Until the fact that the west kill Zhao lead son is it is it it imprisons to be surnamed to reply to come out after the Wu the Jin Dynasty. Close the interconnected system, is it revitalize eldest son to imprison, wife princess, from officer to tiger my darling in being beautifully adorned, the soldier, there is no son. Close Yi, imprison and revitalize the second son, adopt to it after closing the interconnected system and dying.
[The editor ] Descendant Guide according to loose Pei " Sichuan Province write " note " biography, Guan Yu of the Three Kingdoms, ", after the kingdom of Shu Han becomes extinct, son of Pound, huge to will is it is it revenge for father to imprison to kill to the limit, Guan Yu first pulse already broken. But there are disputes in this section of credibilities recorded. Solve the state, act as male genital, Luoyang etc. to shut in the surname clan in later age, call oneself for Guan Yu descendant often, but large to can't ascertain.
[The editor ] Appraisal " the Three Kingdoms " author and Chen Shou comment saying: ' Guan Yu, Zhang Fei all call the enemies of ten thousand people, is the tiger official generation. Work for Mr. Cao with feather, justice flies to clear up the tight face, there are countries the person's wind. But feather sing one's own praises just, fly cruel and have kindness, with short to fetched and frustrated, the ones that paid attention to and counted are often too. '
Warm and extensive: ' Guan Yu is valiant and sharp. '
Lu is covered with: ' this person long and eager to learn, it is all suitable for reading to read the left brief biography, the stem has male air only, but sex quite conceited, the good people of imperial tomb. ', ' although the things are one family today, and Guan Yu real bear tiger too, count Ann Henan Province make? '
Zhu Ge-liang's book and Guan Yu: ' Meng get up and concurrently civil and military money, strong and remakable hero have, it is outstanding all one's life, Qing, person of Peng, as with is it try to be the first to drive by De Yi, whisker unsurpassed to excel all others yet still. '
Guo Jia, Cheng Yu are called Guan Yu, Zhang Fei: ' ten thousand enemies of people '
Liu Ye is called Guan Yu, Zhang Fei: ' the bravest of the whole army '
Zhou Yu is called Guan Yu, Zhang Fei: ' Hu Xiong '
Fu does and weighs Guan Yu, Zhang Fei: ' brave and have justice, all the enemies of ten thousand people, and for it. '
Whether praise and imprison Yun Chang, Zhang YiDe in play Yang " Chinese complement official praise season ". ' close, the valiant in piece,it is rectify by on the generation not to come from, support there aren't wing, the magnificent tiger is strong. The fence rejects left and right sides, brandish electricity take place, help on difficult, it praises to be mainly big family property, Qi mark Korea S., the dedicated,morally in pair in unison. It is impolite to explain, cause and rape and seduce Te, mourn only consider lightly, fall from the sky or outer space body rectify the country. '
Guan Yu and Zhang Fei all became bold pronouns skillful in battle in later age at that time:
Whether book Liu far to spread the Jin Dynasty. ' Liu far to hit thief each time the Jin Dynasty, is it break sharp point, Ji than its Guan Yu, Zhang Fei side firmly to fall into. '
Whether book Wei Cui prolong uncle spread. ' Cui Gong, the ancient one closes down too. '
Can consult Zhao wing " twenty two Historical Records " Vol. seven brave part that close down, put ancient in order with Guan Yu, or is it it uses as to be brave the materials of the pronoun all to close down in detail.
In the " cypress the History as a Mirror ", author cypress Yang comment on Guan Yu Not only Chinese people worship Guan Yu, even if in Korea Peninsula, but also all Guan Yu temple everywhere, receive the burning incenses of ten thousand families. Transnational hero, Mr. Guan Yu is the first person. But cast aside the biggest novel of this influence power of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, on the materials offered on the history records alone, Guan Yu really has no qualification to occupy one seat in history. Though he is brave, but only a boorish fellow, not only lack strategy but also lack training in fact, and intolerant, ignorant of the whole situation or the major principle. Mr. Guan Yu has never commanded the large troop formation fought, suddenly launched and killed the country attack, take advantage of another's unpreparedness, create shake miracle of the whole country, shake Mr. slowly but second-rate role, it is unable to keep out, have to remove the enclosing of the Fan 's. Lu has cheated back and has not started yet, Guan Yu has already suffered a defeat on the battle field. Guan Yu's biggest mistake is that he has destroyed hitting the countermeasure grandly 12 years ago of Mr. Zhu Ge-liang, if like grand to hit that countermeasure design, keep with right Sun harmonic, Hanzhong produce army meanwhile, the situation can change to act as. Because of Guan Yu's impulse alone, make the overall strategy then, become the timid.
But it is not errorless that the cypress raises this section of comments, is it take to country Wu Jing Zhou the whole wild ambition of soil totally obliterate, overly belittle Guan Yu's intelligence to want.
Historiography is known to president Zhu DaWei [1 ] in Wai Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties in the previous China: ' Guan Yu does not have only a general star's brave style that fights, and the quality conspicuously skilled in military arts, and have ability to command large-scale campaign Fall of Jing Zhou, ultimate liability in Guan Yu, strategy and policy that fault lead to the fact Shu State have. Although Guan Yu has certain responsibility, it is devoted to one's duty, die at post, should not reproach. "Guan Yu was smoked the pottery by Confucianism while as a child, therefore in the place body sets up the code of ethic of the thing, can be regarded as the people having a common goal with Liu Bei, Zhu Ge-liang. Liu Bei very has unusual ability to appreciate a person's native intelligence and noral character, he especially values Guan Yu, knew very well it had both ability and political integrity, would stay behind to take care of things later the important tasks of Jing Zhou and Northern Expedition will be given to him, its reason lies in this too. '
Renyu Huang of the famous the Shi 's: It was prudent and careful that Guan Yu just handled affairs proudly but scarcely, he lets one's own two sides be attacked regardless of the advantages and disadvantages, it is beheaded to get and suffer a defeat, died one month earlier than Cao Cao. But a thousand imprisons after death commonly and is still regarded as the god of war by the Chinese, it is not his directing with perfect ease that worship among the people, but it is his moral force. Guan Yu " has heavy like the mountain justice", still some ones that presented with respect are division grandfather in the group of the confederacy so far.
Xiamen University person and Yi ZhongTian, professor of college of liberal arts Guan Yu really has places that makes people respectable, that is specially heavy friendship. Though reasonable to worship Guan Yu among the people, very strange that some believe in sum custom. For example have one's head shaved the craftsman present Guan Yu with respect as the founder, unimaginably queer. Guan Yu has not acted as and had one's head shaved the craftsman! Besides, have one's head shaved either in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Thinking it over, that is to say they have a knife on hand. Pass master knife on hand be beheaded, be had one's head shaved. Qing Dynasty had one's head shaved paved one antithetical couplet cloud hung in front of the door: " ask how much it will be head all over the world, watch how it will be an old fellow like me means ", look like Guan Yu's tone very much. Regard Guan Yu as the God of Wealth, some enterprises run by the local people yet, self-employed worker, support pieces of Guan Yu as the God of Wealth, money of them by is it is it come to vie for to fight? It say you last pieces of god of war one of Guan Yus pieces of the military officers on OK? Why still act as the God of Wealth? In my view, Guan Yu, should be praised highly folkly for Cupid sooner or later. Because he is very persistent to the pursuit of the love. According to " biography, Guan Yu of the Three Kingdoms, " note guide " Sichuan Province write " and " China's open country's will " that loose Pei, Guan Yu once loved a woman, it is a wife to determine to marry it to Cao Cao constantly. After this talks too much, Cao Cao " doubt it have heterochromatic, the advanced person meets and watches. "ook, the national beauty and heavenly fragrance as expected, because the result " reserves it for one's own use ", make Guan Yu very gloomy (feather heart is not since good) . This if true, Cao Cao on honest and kind too.
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences researcher Yun Yin common Guan Yu is a person with deeper good at dealing with the interpersonal relationships, gaining advantage from both sidesing scheming, can all receive kindness no matter in every party of enemy and friend, this may be two black-and-white very popular causes of his. Guan Yu of national history if what people worship that piece imprison common and tall and big and perfect. It is with the development of history, one become in according to the needs of psychology and the society constant transformation comes from reality and an idol of ultra reality greatly.
" three countries personage's theory is collected " in Zhuo dream Buddhist nunnery Building Ann in October of 24 years, Cao Cao and Sun Quan have both already acted in person For fight one Guan Yu, two country Wu Wei mobilize incline country forces nearly, from head to foot painstakingly, then Guan Yu is bold and skillful in battle but cicada. This campaign, Guan Yu is honoured though defeated, but the kingdom of Shu Han retakes the hope of Central Plains, have all died with Guan Yu too. Actually the valiant general of the enemies of ten thousand people, seldom just and sing one's own praises, so long as used it to be apt, it is exactly a advantage to be just violent. Such fiery and forthright personages, at all times and in all lands, take the place of and does not lack people. Namely as far as our country are concerned, such as clear Xiang Wang, Guan Yu of Chinese, Song's Yue Fei, nearly people sub jade Wu, type this. This kind of personage, the same as high righteous men of people too, increase much splendor for history. But they succeed fastest, fail most rapidly, only a lot of heroic and moving stories stay, for people to visit and pounder on the past!
[The editor ] Born in the dispute Transport city Kuan Ti house, Changping of village erect first the 19th year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty in the temple in Shanxi ( 1680 years) "general not former it imprisons to be the strong and solemn Hou grandfather of tombstones engrave ",write it born in ' prolong on the break of day is the three year (160 year) emperor Huan June 24 ',and whether it is high for frame since it is the bright two year (1629 year) Place oneself in stone huge rock ditch " offer sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead the record of events inscribed on a tablet of field " and the 21st year of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu of ancestral grave ( 1756 years) " Kuan Ti will" that compile, think Guan Yu born in Chinese emperor Huan prolong will it be will it be June 22 3 years break of day. In addition, have several kinds of statements to that Guan Yu spread on birthday among the people. Comparing, criticizing several kinds of materials of a text June 22. [2]
But the materials have been receiving the dispute all the time. The historical data has not written down to Guan Yu and born in " the Three Kingdoms " and other the same period, if the content of " Kuan Ti's will " come from " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " more in addition, non- rigorous historical data; " offer sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead field record of events inscribed on a tablet " and " former general imprison strong and solemn Hou grandfather tombstone engrave " investigate strictly. And Wang ZhaoChun,etc. group into " star not past dynasties spread China " write temporarily for (? 219 years) ,So does not have precise believable materials yet now.
[The editor ] Folk art Guan Yu's picture of local opera mask of Anshun of Qing Dynasty [The editor ] Before the historical romance Guan Yu is in the folk image, namely and very close today by Song Dynasty. Big step " hold room random notes " historical works normally, have legend on ' Guan Yu hand two main forces face good gentle and ugly among millions of people to abate Yuan Shao ' already among them ". And immensely popular three heroes fight Lv Bu, thousand lies of royalism sister-in-law, Huatuo blow for Guan Yu bone treat malicious, water flood seven army story, see on " the Three Kingdoms popular story ", and Guan Yu image of " the Three Kingdoms popular story " relatively " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " is perfect already. Guan Hanqin make opera is it is it mention Guan Yu is it 5 imprison to pass to have to " imprison king will attend short-hilted broadsword alone " Yuan Dynasty, it is obvious " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " five is it cut plot of six main forces also already folk to spread to imprison.
[The editor ] Romance of the Three Kingdoms " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " always becomes passing legend, unofficial history, opera, place generation statement, avoided fearing Guan Yu's story in the statement, script for story-telling of speaking department and popular legend by officer's history, deed of Guan Yu disagree with history records, Guan Yu warm wine legend since the the end, the Jin Dynasty such as Wei such as Chinese for instance, killed by Sun Jian according to the China's grand reality of history; About three things of soil and mountain are that Guan Yu suffers a defeat and is caught but surrender; Die from the haphazard army gently and uglily in fact. And peach garden form justice, is it five is it cut six main forces, fight yellow and loyal holding Green Dragon falchioning, saddle horse red rabbit horsing, height kinds of looksing,etc. in order to make up to imprison to pass.
The conceited personality is exaggerated too Guan Yu in " Romance of the Three Kingdoms ", if Zhu Ge-liang ask Guan Yu invade like Cao, Sun at the same time, Guan Yu wants to divide forces and refuse it while answering, Guan Yu is dissatisfied the horse wants to enter the tourney of Sichuan overtime, it is my son,etc. that Guan Yu scolds Sun Quan's son while refusing the wedding, all artistic creations of the novel.
[The editor ] Drama Guan Yu's role, create with the description of popular legend, unofficial history, " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " in the China traditional opera, its type of facial make up is in order to rub blushing, it is loyal and brave to show, the statement that ' blush loyal and bravely ' comes from Guan Yu's type of facial make up promptly. Cancelling phoenix's eyes, the eyes are pretty. In addition, the title that ' the beautiful whisker is common ' that Guan Yu has, will add big whisker mouth special-purpose at playing the role of Guan Yu, call ' five ' or ' imprison common whisker '. Hands hold Green Dragon's falchion and red horsewhip, wear the green helmet that has specially, unless pompon it it sews to be yellow after mixing it wrap up, two earlobe streamer and the silk ear of grain not yellow not white, boa not green. And the descendant, in order to express the respect for Guan Yu, so will add a black point or add a gold line on a table specially, is called ' turn against ', representatives do not dare to totally imitate him. Imprison common to expose posture have 48 the amount of kind, call ' imprison common 48 picture '.
While performing and turning off the common opera in old times, there are a lot of rules: Act performer of Guan Yu is it abstain from meat,wine,etc. only constellation to want 10 days before performing, smoked to bathe in the net body; Is it give Kuan Ti picture to is it kowtow to burn joss sticks to want before appearing on the scene, in backstage supporter abate chicken visit and hold a memorial ceremony for; Want performer it is at helmet or it hang Kuan Ti after brisket like form not yellow enclose,it is if finishing, if wanting, last face with paper not to perform, incinerated before getting Kuan Ti's picture, Israel showed and thanked Kuan Ti for Kuan Ti's protection,etc.; While performing and " failing ", should burn the white sandalwood, light the candle above and below the stage even more. It is said that if violates the law of prohibitting, Kuan Ti will make its presence or power felt, the performer wants the accident to happens, the play garden should go wrong. Imperial Palace of Qing Dynasty the imperial palace is while acting in a play,every before the common to appear on the scene when closing,emperor, after, leave princess there aren't flat, then could sit down and go to the theater. Some directories which impair Kuan Ti's image, if " cut bear tiger ", " angry to is it imprison flat to cut ", " imprison common diction Cao ",etc., imperial court, and capital famous play garden all forbid performing. Have to play the role of performer of Guan Yu have to avoid, such as after the performer has had and made up too now, can't laugh, have evil and excessive, make up Guan Yu after can move commit a breach of etiquette either on other people see.
[The editor ] Film " god of war ", the science fiction disaster film that Taiwan was made by crown prince's movie company in 1976, the director was Chen HongMin, the content suffers to the E.T. to invade for the earth, a blind sculptor will be imprisoned the common statue will add the finishing touch, is it imprison holy god is it beat back their to make its presence or power felt to make. Person who act the leading role have valley famous human relations, Qin Tang, LingLing, old and also getting new Xie. This film is in the cable TV movie channel replay in Taiwan of the 1990s. The stage of original reservation of " god of war " is Taibei west door Ding, but when send Information Bureau the drama to examine, responsible institution show ' how can is it make the west pieces of Ding other astronaut to the place where the earth come to bring! ',result already consume equal to not abolishing in vain totally model, have to change the original arrangement and move a teacher to Hong Kong by fixed position .
[The editor ] Legend, slang Solve the county in Guan Yu hometown, said Guan Yu real name Feng Xian, grows in the educated peasant family that brought up, teenagers period practises documents and does weapon practice and acts as the farming at the same time at home, marry moustache wife, here
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It is flat for 13 to grow and close in May of 178. Probably when Guan Yu is 23 years old, namely 183, fled from from hometown to deep and remote state Zhuo prefecture because of cutting and killing the evil bold Lu's bear, making a change is surnamed for closing.
During the Ming Dynasty, still have Guan Yu have one son is it is it say but Guan Yu does not admit he, become the kingdom of Shu Han a member of high-ranking military officer finally to ask for to imprison, but general scholar is it is it is it it is said just to ask for, imprison and ask for this person in history to imprison to think.
Enlarge scene " daggers and swords record at all times " of the the book, record Guan Yu was Liu Bei's important task at that time on pottery, not hesitating to quarry the irons of the mountain in person, cast two times, it is ten thousand people to engrave. Later on Guan Yu is defeated, throw two knives into water.
And because the story of " Romance of the Three Kingdoms " is widely known, so it is many about Guan Yu's two-part allegorical saying to produce, for instance, Guan Yu crosses the river and attends a meeting Action, Guan Yu are too drunk to find out that blushes etc. alone.
[The editor ] Faith Every dynasty emperor regards Guan Yu as the loyal and righteous incarnation and becomes and educates the material loyal to the sovereign and devoted to the country faith, its ' Hou, but king,king but emperor,but the holy in emperor, it is the holy and it ' course if downing, express please consult:
Dynasty Emperor Time Seal number Northern Song Dynasty Hui Zong Song High peaceful the first year of an era ( 1102 years) The loyal favor is common Northern Song Dynasty Hui Zong Song High peaceful three years ( 1104 years) High peaceful real monarch Northern Song Dynasty Hui Zong Song Grand sight is two years ( 1107 years) Wuan king Northern Song Dynasty Hui Zong Song Five years of Xuan He ( 1123 years) Brave Wuan king of justice The Southern Song Dynasty Song GaoZong Build inflammation for two years ( 1128 years) Brave Wuan king of strong Miao's justice The Southern Song Dynasty Song XiaoZong Pure bright 14 years ( 1187 years) Brave Great Britain of Wuan of strong Miao's justice helps a king Yuanyuan fixes emperors safely it is gone through for eight years (1335) Make its presence or power felt in brave Great Britain of Wuan of justice and help a king Shenzong's the 42nd year of perpetual calendar (1613) obviously The short-hilted broadsword bends over the evil spirit, supernatural Weiyuan town it one and imprisons the holy god Think for high auspicious three years (1630) obviously Yuan should clear bright wing Chinese heaven one really Clear for the grandfather nine years (1652) of Shuizhi generation The loyal and righteous god imprisons the big holy emperor militarily Clear generation the third year of Yongzheng (1725) Three generations duke, holy great-grandfather, only clear common, holy grandfather, abundant prosperous common, holy to do in the test, common Zhong Cheng Noble-minded and unwilling to swim with the tide the first year of Qianlong (1736) Imprison the Confucian scholar in Shanxi Noble-minded and unwilling to swim with the tide the 31st year of Qianlong (1767) Help two words efficaciously Clear benevolence the 18th year of Jiaqing (1813) Two brave words of benevolence Declare cases of light clearly for eight years (1828) Loyal and righteous god military fairy helps benevolence to show and imprison the big holy emperor bravely and majestically Shrine temples which holds Guan Yu of Green Dragon's falchion statue Guan Yu spread all over the world, one in the temple of most shrines in Chinese gods. God of war that offer sacrifices to copy ' soldier main fact ' ancient times, that is to say invent a lot of Ch'ih Yu of weapon. The official speech of sacrificing, Tang Chu begins to have military temples, but it was Zhou Wuwang's prime minister Jiang Zi who is good at using military forces tooth that mainly offered sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead, Guan Yu is from offering sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead. If go on an expedition on ordinary days, hold a memorial ceremony for and visit the sramana king who administers the North, draw king's flag of the sramana, win in order to bless the war.
At the latest last years Song Dynasty,among the people it enshrine and worship temple of Guan Yu already ' prefectural state state county, have well all at the the city township ' (" collect Lingchuan " in Jing Hao) . Although imperial court believe in Lamaism Yuan Dynasty, pincers make people faith, so among the people to to is it growing on and on to believe in Guan Yu, emperor in Yuan Dynasty and sending and enabling causing and holding a memorial ceremony for. In the Ming Dynasty, the military god who the official side believed in was very military God of the North of Chinese style, even with the deed of making its presence or power felt of very military God, become legitimacy that the grandfather ascends the throne on behalf of tomorrow.
Clear in order to lower, temples which enshrines and worships Guan Yu not merely spread all over China Mainland, and extend to Mongolia, Tibet, Korea Peninsula and even overseas. Only in the old town of Beijing, more than 100 specialize in closing the common or and concurrently temple for closing commonly today.
Because Guan Yu is not merely offered sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead by the esteeming of the Confucianists, prostrated oneself by Taoist school, Buddhist at the same time, so Guan Yu is the spirit which traverses three major Chinese religious sects of Confucianism, one, Buddha only. But reflect more Guan Yu's true quality with Guan Yu of the Confucianists among them.
As Guan Yu's position becomes illustrious, Guan Yu is respectfullied call ' king Wu ', ' the military sage ' even more, stand with Confucius shoulder to shoulder. Just because Guan Yu is so illustrious too, except the soldier, teacher Wu present him with respect to worship for the trade god, even person who paint in gold, cigarette industry, fragrant candle industry, education industry, order looks house wait a moment irrelevant trade advocate Guan Yu, so turn him into the God of Wealth of Chengwu, it is one of the five Wenchang.
[The editor ] Hong Kong faith In Hong Kong, between police and three shut member can be set against. It is one that it will be early that three is shut to believe in Taoism, instead clear underworld gang, so will visit and hold a memorial ceremony for big supernatural Guan Yu of Taoism.
And the habit that the police worship Kuan Ti is that some China of police bureau of Yau Ma Tei to come from 1930 times visits long, thereafter expand to each discipline army, for instance fire control, the customs,etc..
It last same faith official side, not praise highly, respecting by Guan Yu,call him ' imprison it two grandfather ', ' imprison it second elder brother ', ' imprison common ', ' Kuan Ti ',etc., because two sides believe, it will be to safeguard the utterly loyal people who will try best justice to imprison commonly, both sides do not think that there is conflict on belief.
A lot of shops in Hong Kong enshrine and worship Guan Yu, hope to bless the shop. And Hong Kong have many shrine temple enshrine and worship Guan Yu too, Hong Kong carry on one's shoulder or back Li live Man Mo Temple of dish right away very famous.
[The editor ] Faith of Taiwan Believer of Guandi Temple. Is it renowned for accepting and is amazed by department's appearance to wear blue a line of clothes? Lao Sheng, mostly old women. In Taiwan, the temple which offers sacrifices to Guan Yu is quite general too, except the general military temple, small-scale palace temple, altar regard it as and mainly offer sacriffices to the gods or the spirits of the dead, there is large-scale Guandi Temple called Your Majesty's temple of kindness too, it is the most prestigious among them in order to walk in Heavenly Palace.
Tainan salted salted bee big gun of town imprison holy god's tour of inspection make its presence felt and earnestly hope the safe folk custom that develops into annual will it be one Lantern Festival the first month of the lunar year such as lunar calendar.
What is called ' the kindness main fact ' is a noun of the faith of the hall of mythical bird like the phoenix, ' the Saviour ''s meaning that that is to say. Taiwanese so-called main god of kindness only owns Guan Yu, Lv Tung-pin, a form, Wang Shan, Yue Fei in common. And Guan Yu is the first that five kindness is main, so Taiwanese general people also call Guan Yu the kindness Your Majesty, take advantage of a situation and call Guandi Temple ' Your Majesty's temple of kindness '. A hospital is named in ' Your Majesty's hospital of kindness ' in Sanxia Town of Taipei.
In addition, some rooms are taught or Taoism believer calls Guan Yu ' the 18th generation of Emperor of Heaven Jade Emperor ', that is to say the 18th generation of ruler of heaven, this say with the south of Fujian Province area for hold most, and Taiwan adopts this statement.
Chiang Ching-kuo believer of Guan Yu one of too in addition, Chiang Ching-kuo faith begun at heavy island Chen in that year.
[The editor ] Foreign reputation No matter such countries as Britain, U.S.A.,etc., so long as there are Chinese's communities, all someone inevitable offer sacrifices to Guan Yu.
In ancient Japan, are foot profit one and water family smooth? Also worship Guan Yu very much. And according to loosing the straight " world history of diagram " in the field small, there is numerous Guandi Temple too, present Guan Yu with respect as the god of the knowledge and business. The people in Korea Peninsula worship Guan Yu too, by running after fame to advocate everywhere.